Read Paper. Samantha Andrews Professor McCurdy English 1 Aug Decreasing Domestic Violence Relies on Education Since the early ’s, domestic violence has been a growing worldwide social issue that has affected many women’s entire lives. Domestic violence is one of the most unreported crimes due to fear of retaliation, yet West Estimated Reading Time: 10 mins The topic that will be studied with the paper is intimate partner violence or another term that can be used is domestic violence. Domestic violence or intimate partner violence is the systematic pattern or control or power perpetuated by one partner against another IACP Law Enforcement Policy Center • Domestic Violence: Concepts & Issues Paper 2 Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize,File Size: 1MB
Domestic Violence Research Paper - Research Paper Examples - iResearchNet
View sample crime research paper on domestic violence. Browse other research paper examples for more inspiration. If you need a thorough research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can domestic violence paper turn to our experienced writers for help. This is how your paper can get an A! Feel free to contact our writing service for professional assistance. We offer high-quality assignments for reasonable rates. However, only since the s has the criminal justice system begun to treat domestic violence as a serious crime, not as a private family matter.
Domestic violence is any physical, sexual, domestic violence paper, or psychological abuse that people use against a former or current intimate partner.
It refers to a number of criminal behaviors: assault and battery; sexual assault; stalking; harassment; violation of a civil restraining order; homicide; and other offenses that occur domestic violence paper the course of a domestic violence incident, such as arson, robbery, malicious destruction of property, and endangering a minor. No person can validly consent to a breach of the peace or a battery that may result in serious injury or death.
Furthermore, most states have abolished the marital rape exemption in toto; this exemption precluded husbands from being prosecuted for raping their wives. Thus, in general, there is no legal distinction between crimes committed against intimate partners and those committed against strangers, domestic violence paper. Police, prosecutors, and judges are routinely trained in domestic violence, and aggressive interventions are continually implemented.
Individuals across the political spectrum have generally supported these changes, although there is ongoing debate as to which interventions work best. Furthermore, some fear that the domestic violence paper has swung too far, and that those who are accused of domestic violence, particularly men, are presumed domestic violence paper rather than innocent. Advocates are concerned that the needs of victims are domestic violence paper sacrificed for higher conviction rates.
Indeed, the ongoing challenge for the criminal justice system is to protect the rights of both defendants and victims while at the same time treating domestic violence as a serious social problem, domestic violence paper.
Even though the criminal justice system has come a long way sinceit still has a long way to go. The majority of those arrested for domestic violence are heterosexual men. However, between 5 and 15 percent of those arrested for battering are women. Many of these cases involve self-defending women who have been mistakenly arrested. While women can be the initial aggressor, female abusers are rarely identified or studied. Gay men and lesbians constitute only a small percentage of those arrested for domestic violence.
As with female abusers, we know surprisingly little about domestic violence in same-sex relationships. Same-sex victims receive fewer protections and face many more social consequences when reporting domestic violence to the authorities than heterosexual victims.
For example, many states define domestic violence in a way that excludes same-sex victims, and some states with sodomy laws also domestic violence paper victims to acknowledge that they are in a domestic relationship, forcing victims to admit to a crime before receiving legal protection. How many people are victims of domestic violence? The honest answer is that we just do not know. The federal government and a majority of the states collect statistics on domestic violence, domestic violence paper, but there are wide variations in how each jurisdiction defines offenses, determines what is counted, and measures or reports incidents.
Statistics on the incidence and prevalence of domestic violence vary greatly. Thus, it is imperative that when evaluating data one considers the source and the methodology. It is vital to have an accurate picture of domestic violence in order to formulate appropriate policies and maintain intellectual integrity. There are two official federal measures of crime, the National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS and the Uniform Crime Reporting Program UCR of the F. The NCVS gathers information about crime and its consequences from a nationally representative sample of U.
It surveys respondents about any crimes experienced, domestic violence paper, including their relationship to the perpetrator. However, there is no way to independently verify this information or to determine how many incidents go unreported to authorities.
In fact, it is estimated that about one-half of the incidents of intimate violence experienced by women are never reported to the police.
The UCR tracks crimes reported to law enforcement. However, domestic violence paper, it does not require local law enforcement to maintain data on the relationship between victim and offender except in the case of murder. The National Incident-Based Reporting System NIBRSauthorized by Congress inwill include and standardize data collection on domestic violence.
However, NIBRS has not yet been implemented nationally. Data compiled in by the Bureau of Justice Statistics yielded the estimate that women experiencedrape, sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated and simple assault victimizations at the hands of an intimate, down from 1.
Men experienced aboutsuch victimizations, with little variation between domestic violence paper Injust over 1, murders were attributable to intimates, and in almost three out of four of domestic violence paper killings, the victim was a woman. By comparison, indomestic violence paper, there were nearly 3, victims of intimate murder Greenfeld. Other studies have suggested that as many as four million women are battered each year, and that 14 percent of women report having been violently abused by a spouse or boyfriend at some time in their lives.
Most intimate relationships are established between people of the same racial and economic background. Domestic violence occurs across all demographic groups. However, domestic violence paper, official rates of nonlethal, domestic violence paper, intimate violence are highest among women aged sixteen to twenty-four, women in households in the lowest income categories, and women residing in urban areas Greenfeld.
Couples who cohabitate experience more violence than those who are married HolzworthMunroe. Other studies have found that abused women are more likely to live in communities with the highest rates of stranger violence Fagan. African American women comprise the largest group of victims, although they are also more likely to report domestic violence paper victimizations to the police than any other group.
However, ethnicity and race are not significant correlates with domestic violence when controlling for other socio-demographic variables, such as income, employment status, and age. Official statistics may be overinclusive of the poor and minorities. Women with higher incomes often have the resources to deal with domestic violence privately without involving the criminal justice system.
Furthermore, the police may be more likely to arrest people in poor and middle-class neighborhoods than in upper-class neighborhoods. However, those with fewer resources also face more stressors, and while stress itself does not lead directly to violence, it can exacerbate the risk of violence Holzworth, Munroe. There are many theories as to the causes of domestic violence. Feminist-inspired theories look to the institution of domestic violence paper and argue that battering mirrors male power domestic violence paper control over females.
Family-based theories examine the level of family conflict and the indirect lessons children learn about the relationship between violence and domestic violence paper. Individual-based theories attribute domestic violence to personality disorders or biomedical factors, such as head injuries or mental illness. As a result, we are beginning to understand how the battering experience is both common and unique among abusers and victims.
No single causal domestic violence paper can explain why people hurt those they claim to love. As research becomes more interdisciplinary, and policies are driven as much by empirical data as by politics, theories will have to account for the complicated interplay of biological, social, economic, cultural, and individual factors that lead to domestic violence.
Local and state governments are responsible for enforcing most domestic violence crimes. However, inCongress passed the Violence Against Women Act VAWA. Among its many provisions, VAWA makes certain offenses federal crimes, such as interstate stalking and violation of a protection order. In addition, the Lautenberg Amendment to the Gun Control Act of prohibits the transfer, possession, or receipt of both firearms and ammunition by anyone convicted of a misdemeanor domestic violence offense.
These laws reflect a larger trend to federalize the criminal law, and they are controversial. Opponents argue that they are overreaching, ineffective, and grant excessive power to the federal government, and domestic violence paper that combating domestic violence is best left to local, not federal, law enforcement.
Since most domestic violence cases involve simple assault and battery—a misdemeanor—the police could not make an arrest at the scene. Inthe U. Attorney General recommended domestic violence paper as the standard police response to domestic violence. This recommendation resulted from a landmark Minneapolis controlled experimental study that compared the deterrent effects of arresting the suspect, mediating the dispute, and requiring the batterer to leave the domestic violence paper for eight hours.
The study found that arrest more effectively deterred subsequent violence than did the other courses of action. The results were widely publicized. After the Thurman case, police departments concerned about similar lawsuits began to rethink their policies. All fifty states now domestic violence paper for warrantless arrests in domestic violence cases. Since arrest statutes have been broadened, domestic violence paper, many jurisdictions have adopted mandatory or pro-arrest policies, domestic violence paper.
These policies have received mixed reviews. Furthermore, domestic violence paper, when officers are either unable or unwilling to discern who was the initial aggressor, mandatory arrest policies can result in both parties being arrested. Thus, these pro-arrest policies have the unintended consequence of penalizing rather than protecting victims. Others argue that police ought to have more discretion to handle domestic violence situations on a caseby-case basis.
Does arrest work? The research is inconclusive, domestic violence paper. For example, when the Minneapolis study was replicated in other jurisdictions, the results differed significantly. Specifically, domestic violence paper, arrest consistently deterred employed batterers, but increased repeat violence among unemployed batterers. Yet, these findings were largely ignored. Furthermore, between andwhile the police domestic violence paper to 90 percent of calls for assistance, in only 20 percent of the cases was the alleged abuser arrested immediately Greenfeld.
These findings raise questions as to how effective arrest policies have been in reducing recidivism or changing police practices. Prosecutors routinely fail to initiate cases and follow through with prosecution. Victim noncooperation is often cited as the major reason for dismissing a domestic violence case.
Thus, once police began to arrest alleged batterers, advocates began to focus reform efforts on prosecution practices. As a result, prosecutors are undertaking new initiatives. Many have established specialized domestic violence units. A few units specialize in same-sex battering, while others target teenagers in dating relationships, where experimentation with violence often begins.
Vertical prosecution, in which one prosecutor is assigned to handle the case from arraignment to completion, thus providing the victim with ongoing support, is becoming common. Increasingly, jurisdictions are employing social workers to counsel victims and domestic violence paper families. Some courts expedite, or rocket docketdomestic violence cases.
Do Domestic Violence Protective Orders in NC Work: - \
, time: 23:16Domestic Violence Essay | Bartleby
Read Paper. Samantha Andrews Professor McCurdy English 1 Aug Decreasing Domestic Violence Relies on Education Since the early ’s, domestic violence has been a growing worldwide social issue that has affected many women’s entire lives. Domestic violence is one of the most unreported crimes due to fear of retaliation, yet West Estimated Reading Time: 10 mins The topic that will be studied with the paper is intimate partner violence or another term that can be used is domestic violence. Domestic violence or intimate partner violence is the systematic pattern or control or power perpetuated by one partner against another IACP Law Enforcement Policy Center • Domestic Violence: Concepts & Issues Paper 2 Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize,File Size: 1MB
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